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It is not responsive to hormones.Įstrogen therapy is the primary hormonal therapy used to induce breast formation.
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Voice change requires re-training at a qualified center. Compared to other hormonal disorders, the treatment of transgendered patients is thus far more dependent on a physician's experience, as compared to published, data-supported clinical guidelines.įor most MTF transgendered patients, treatment goals include breast development and the reduction of male pattern hair growth. Unfortunately, there are few long-term studies to guide physicians regarding the optimal dosing and duration of medical therapy. Once psychiatric issues have been eliminated as a cause for altered gender identity, hormonal therapy is traditionally prescribed to aid in the transition of MTF patients. The cause of transgenderism is unknown, although an autopsy study reported changes in the hypothalamus of MTF transgendered patients which were identical to genetic females (JCEM 2000 85:2034-2041). Many MTF patients note a strong identification with the opposite sex, typically known as gender identity disorder or gender dysphoria, since childhood. Most male to female (MTF) transgender patients relate a long-standing history of feeling uncomfortable in their assigned gender. The exact prevalence in the United States however is unknown. A study in the Netherlands suggested that 1 out of every 12,000 men are transgendered.